[Senator and Mrs. James Henry Lane]

Senator James H. Lane of Kansas (1814-1866) was most often seen in a woolen shirt, bearskin overcoat, and straw hat. The fiercest leader of the Free State movement in the 1850s, he brought various antislavery forces together to form a unified party and led military campaigns against pro-slavery towns with such effectiveness and brutality that he earned the sobriquet, the "Grim Chieftain of Kansas." Elected as one of the first two senators when Kansas was granted statehood, Lane was a fine orator and master of sarcasm and invective whose broad gestures and rasping voice commanded undivided attention. His impassioned speech in 1864 on behalf of his close friend Abraham Lincoln is credited with having swayed the National Convention to nominate Lincoln for a second term as president. After the war's end and Lincoln's assassination, Lane committed suicide-having been severely rebuked by his former Kansas supporters for his advocacy of President Andrew Johnson's weak Reconstruction policy.

Credit: Gilman Collection, Purchase, Alfred Stieglitz Society Gifts, 2005